Energy plays a special role in economic growth, social welfare, improving the quality of life and security of a society. Global studies show that there is a direct relationship between the development of a country and the amount of energy it consumes, and therefore access to new sources of energy is of particular importance in order to progress and improve the economic situation. Meanwhile, energy is one of the main and underlying factors of the growth and prosperity of the industrial, economic and social sectors, which can be said to be one of the indicators of the evaluation and progress of countries, the indicator of increasing the production and production of electrical energy. Power plants and technologies are used to generate electricity.

A power plant is a set of industrial facilities in which other energies are used to produce electrical energy. Power plants use generators to convert energy from other forms such as fossil fuel energy, chemical energy, renewable energy, nuclear energy, gravitational potential energy, etc. into electrical energy (in fact, these rotating energy machines convert mechanical energy into electrical energy).

Some types of power plants:

hydro power plant:

The turbines in turn drive the generators that convert the mechanical energy of the turbines into electricity. Then the transformers raise the generated voltage level to a standard level for transmission to the place of consumption. The place where the turbines, generators, pipes and tunnels connected to them are located is called a power plant.

Hydroelectric power plants are usually built next to dams, where water from rivers is collected. For this reason, the water level behind the dam has risen and raises the head as much as possible. The potential energy that can be extracted from a given volume of water is directly proportional to the head or height of the water. In simple terms, in an equal volume of water, a dam with a higher head produces more electricity than a dam with a lower head.

In some dams, the power plant is built only on one side of the dam. The other side of the dam is used as a “spillway” during floods or heavy rains to drain water. Of course, where the river flows in a narrow and steep valley, they will probably build the power plant inside the dam itself.

Bukhari power plant:

If steam power is used to rotate the generator, the power plant is known as a steam power plant. A simple steam power plant produces energy based on the Rankine cycle.

In the first stage, water is injected into the “boiler” using high pressure water pumps. The high-pressure water in the boiler absorbs heat and becomes “super heat steam” with high pressure. The steam, which has a lot of energy, flows along the “turbine” (a mechanical device that converts the flow of fluid energy into mechanical energy) and rotates it.

In order to make full use of steam energy, three stages of “low pressure turbine”, “intermediate pressure turbine” and “high pressure turbine” have been considered. The “shaft” of the turbine is connected to the generator shaft; Therefore, when the turbine shaft moves, the generator rotates and electrical energy is produced.

During this process, the steam loses its energy. Then the saturated low-pressure vapor passes through the “condenser” and turns into a liquid. After that, the water is directed to the pumps of the first stage and the cycle is complete. This cycle is constantly repeated to produce energy.

Gas plant

A gas power plant is a power plant in which the working fluid is air and it works based on the Brayton cycle. This power plant has a gas turbine and has three main components: compressor, combustion chamber and gas turbine. The way the rotors work in these power plants is that the incoming fluid enters the compressor, and after compression and a little heating, it enters the combustion chamber and is ignited by the fuel, and then the resulting hot air does the work of the same hot steam in the steam turbine. It enters the gas turbine and turns the generator. The compressor used in the gas power plant is like a turbine.Gas turbines used in power plants and industries have many advantages. The size of the gas turbine power plant is smaller compared to the steam power plant, its initial cost to produce each unit of power is lower than the cost of the steam power plant.

In recent years, a kind of awareness and attention to the excessive increase in energy consumption as well as the fact that fossil fuels are perishable has caused comprehensive studies at the global level with the aim of reducing the amount of energy consumption and also reducing the costs of energy production, without causing damage to the development process of countries. accept These studies have led to the emergence of programs and strategies called “energy management”.

The traditional model of electricity production is based on operating a limited number of large-scale central power plants and then transmitting and distributing the energy to consumers who may be thousands of kilometers away from the production site.

Disadvantages of electricity generation in the traditional way (large scale):

Low production efficiency

Transmission and distribution network energy loss

Emission of greenhouse gases

Risk of natural disasters

Energy management

Currently, the efficiency of power plants in the country is around 36%, and the losses from the network to the consumer are around 20%. The energy conversion efficiency from power plant fuel to the final consumer of electrical energy is 29%. This low yield means the annual loss of 35 billion cubic meters of natural gas or 10 billion dollars in loss of its export benefit, apart from the losses caused by the loss of investment in various sectors of gas production and extraction, production, transmission and distribution of electricity, environmental pollution, reduction The country’s oil and gas resources and the lack of profit from exporting electricity.

This highlights the importance of energy management. Energy management can be considered as the correct and effective use of energy to achieve the highest profit with the lowest cost in order to increase the competitive position in the market, which requires adjusting and optimizing the energy consumption strategy, using systems and instructions to reduce the amount of energy consumption per unit. product and reducing or keeping the total production costs constant.

Scattered production

The main idea of ​​distributed generation (DG) originates from this need for energy management; Using a large number of small-scale power plants at or near the point of consumption with minimal table